 |
| UV-VIS-IR Optical Materials |
| Material | Refractive Index n |
Hardness (Knoop) | Modulus Of Rupture* psi |
Transmission Range cm -1 (micrometers) |
Chemical Properties |
|
|
Windows 1-2mm |
IRE 70mm |
|||||
| BK-7 Glass |
1.50 |
520 |
2400 |
31,000-4300 (0.32-2.3) |
29,000-5000 (0.34-1.97) |
Insoluble in water. |
| Silica, UV Grade Fused SiO2 |
1.44 |
461 |
7100 |
57,000-4600; 3500-2800 (0.175-2.2; 2.9-3.6) |
50,000-5,000
(0.2-2.0 ) |
Insoluble in water; soluble in HF. |
| UV Sapphire Al2O3 |
1.75 |
1370 |
65,000 |
66,000-2000 (0.15-5.0) |
33,000-2800 (0.3-3.7) |
Very slightly soluble in acids and bases. |
| Strontium Titanate SrTiO3 |
2.41 |
595 |
7500 |
25,000-1700 (0.395-6) |
25,000-2500 (0.4-4) |
Readily attacked by HF; resistant to most solvents. |
| Titanium Dioxide TiO2 |
2.6;2.9 |
800 |
700 |
24,000-1700 (0.42-6) |
20,000-2200 (0.5-4.5) |
Soluble in H2SO4 and alkalis; insoluble in water and acid. |
| Zirconium Dioxide ZrO2 |
2.15 |
1250 |
7800 |
27,000-1,500 (0.36-7) |
25,000-1800 (0.4-5.5) |
Insoluble in water; soluble in HF and H2SO4. |
| Magnesium Oxide MgO |
1.68 |
640 |
19,000 |
25,000-1300 (0.4-8.0) |
20,000-1700 (0.5-6.0) |
Soluble in acids and NH4 salts. |
| Silicon Si |
3.42 |
1150 |
9000 |
10,000-100 (1.0-100) |
9500-1500; 350-FIR (1.06-6.7; 30-FIR) |
Insoluble in most acids and bases; soluble in HF and HNO3. |
| Calcium Fluoride CaF2 |
1.4 |
158 |
5300 |
66,000-1300 (0.15-8.0) |
33,000-1500 (0.3-7.0) |
Insoluble in water; resists most acids and bases; soluble in NH4 salts. |
| Strontium Fluoride SrF2 |
1.44 |
1405 |
500 |
66,000-1000 (0.15-1 1) |
33,000-1100 (0.3-9.5) |
Very slightly soluble in water; soluble in hot HCI. |
| Barium Fluoride BaF2 |
1.45 |
82 |
3900 |
50,000-1000 (0.2-11) |
33,000-1100 (0.3-9.5) |
Low water solubility; soluble in acid and NH4Cl. |
| Zinc Sulfide ZnS |
2.22 |
355 |
10,000 |
22,000-750 (0.45-14.0) |
14,000-1000 (0.7-10) |
Soluble in acid; insoluble in water. |
| Germanium Ge |
4.0 |
550 |
7000 |
5000-600 (2.0-17) |
5000-900 (2.0-11.4) |
Insoluble in water; soluble in hot H2SO4 and aqua regia. |
| Sodium Chloride NaCl |
1.5 |
15 |
350† |
28,000-700 (0.35-15) |
25,000-900 (0.4-12) |
Hygroscopic; slightly soluble in alcohol and NH3. |
| AMTIR (GeAsSe Glass) |
2.5 |
170 |
2700 |
11,000-1000 (0.9-11) |
11,000-1100 (0.9-9.5) |
Insoluble in water. |
| Gallium Arsenide GaAs |
3.14 |
750 |
11,000 |
10,000-600 (1-17) |
10,000-700 (1-14) |
Insoluble in water; slightly soluble in acids and bases. |
| Zinc Selenide ZnSe |
2.42 |
150 |
8000 |
20,000-500 (0.5-20) |
20,000-700 (0.5-14.3) |
Soluble in strong acids; dissolves in HNO3. |
| Potassium Chloride KCI |
1.47 |
7 |
330† |
33,000-500 (0.3-20) |
20,000-700 (0.5-15) |
Hygroscopic; water soluble; slightly soluble in alcohol. |
| Potassium Bromide KBr |
1.52 |
7 |
160† |
33,000-400 (0.3-25) |
20,000-500 (0.5-20) |
Soluble in water, alcohol, and glycerine; hygroscopic. |
| Cadmium Telluride CdTe |
2.65 |
45 |
850 |
10,000-350 (1.0-28) |
10,000-500 (1.0-22) |
Insoluble in acid and water. |
| Cesium Iodide Csl |
1.72 |
20 |
810 |
33,000-1 50 (0.3-70) |
20,000-400 (0.5-30) |
Soluble in water and alcohol; hygroscopic. |
| Thallium Bromoiodide KRS-5 |
2.35 |
40 |
3800† |
16,000-200 (0.6-60) |
14,000-400 (0.7-30) |
Soluble in warm water; soluble in bases; insoluble in acids. |
| Quartz Crystal SiO2 |
1.5 |
741 |
1500 |
50,000-4,000; 250-30 (0.2-2.4;40-333) |
50,000-6,000 (0.2-2.0) |
Soluble in HF; insoluble in water. |
| Polyethylene [PE] (high density) |
1.55 |
5 |
400† |
600-10 (16-1000) |
600-FIR (16-FIR) |
Resistant to most solvents. |
| Diamond C |
2.4 |
7000 |
54,400 |
45,000-2500; 1600-FIR (0.22-4; 6-FIR) |
45,000-2500; 1600-FIR (6-FIR**) |
Insoluble in water, acids, and bases. |
|
*The modulus of rupture, m, determines the size of the window needed to withstand a pressure, p. For a four times safety factor, the thickness of a mounted window, t, with an unsupported diameter, d, is: |
 Clamped Window |
 Unclamped Window |
|
| tclamp = 0.866 d (p/m)1/2 | tunclamped = 1.05 d (p/m)1/2 | ||
| **Pathlength of a few mm | |||
| †The apparent elastic limit is reported for those materials which permanently bend prior to rupturing. | |||
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